What programming languages can one use to develop Android applications?

Here's a list of languages that can be used to develop android mobile application:

·    Java - primary android development language. At launch, Java was the only officially supported programming language for building distributable third-party Android software.

·    Kotlin, language from JetBrains which received first-party support from Google, announced in Google I/O 2017.

·    C++ - NDK for libraries, not apps.

·    Python, bash, et. al. - Via the Scripting Environment

·    Corona- One is to use the Corona SDK . Corona is a high level SDK built on the LUA programming language. LUA is much simpler to learn than Java and the SDK takes away a lot of the pain in developing Android app.

·    Phonegap technology / Cardova - which used HTML 5, JavaScript, CSS

·    Xamarin technology - that uses c# and in which mono is used for that. Here MonoTouch and Mono for Android are cross-platform implementations of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) and Common Language Specifications.

Android is highly dependent on its java architecture, so it will be unlikely that there will be other primary development languages available any time soon. However, there's no particular reason why someone couldn't implement another language in Java (something like Jython) and use that.

Actually, Kotlin is now an official programming language for Android Development as announced at Google I/O 2018. Read more here.

(Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3949980/what-programming-languages-can-one-use-to-develop-android-applications )